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Pleven Panorama
Pleven Epopee 1877, more commonly known as Pleven Panorama, is a panorama located in Pleven, Bulgaria, that depicts the events of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–78, specifically the five-month Siege of Plevna (Pleven Epopee) which made the city internationally famous and which contributed to the Liberation of Bulgaria after five centuries of Ottoman rule.
The panorama was created by 13 Russian and Bulgarian artists and was constructed in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Pleven Epopee and was officially unveiled on 10 December 1977. The panorama expanded the already existing Skobelev Park, which is located on the site where three of the four major battles which led to the liberation of Bulgaria took place. In the first three years after its opening, 2.5 million people visited the panorama. The monument is one of nearly 200 built by the people of Pleven in tribute to the battle and to the nearly 35,000 lives lost.
==Siege of Plevna==
(詳細はSerbia and Romania from 500 years of Ottoman control.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Pleven Epopee - 1877" Panorama )〕 The Panorama primarily focuses on the events of the third battle, which began on 31 August and culminated on 11 September 1877. At the time, Plevna was under Turkish control as Field Marshal Osman Pasha had set up fortifications there following his defeat at Nikopol on 16 July. Osman was successful at fending off the Russian attacks on his fortifications during the first two battles.
In the third battle, Russian forces, under the command of General Mikhail Skobelev, took two Turkish redoubts and a Romanian division took a third, the Grivitsa redoubt. Osman's troops were able to recapture the two redoubts taken by the Russians, but they were unable to dislodge the Romanians from Grivitsa. The third battle was the bloodiest for the Russian forces, with roughly 20,000 losses, but was also the turning point in the Siege. By 24 October, Russian and Romanian forces had surrounded Plevna. Osman requested permission to retreat, but the Ottoman high command would not allow him to do so. On 9 December Osman and his troops made a brief stand, losing 5,000 men. The next day, Osman surrendered the city to Romanian colonel Mihail Cerchez.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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